영국 Life in the UK Test - 오답노트 40 정리 (Chapter 3 Test 10)

HISTORY

• Bronze Age - metalworkers
• Bronze Age / roundhouses / round barrows. BRR
• The burial place of one of the Anglo-Saxon kings was at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk.
• Many of the Viking invaders stayed in Britain – especially in the east and north of England in an area known as the Danelaw.
• Statue of Boudicca, the queen of the Iceni, on Westminster Bridge, near the Houses of Parliament. BWB
• Anglo-Saxon kings = Cnut / Canute.
• The Normans used a system of land ownership known as feudalism. NF
• 1284 King Edward I - Statute of Rhuddlan, annexed Wales to the Crown of England.
• Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf tells of its hero’s battles against monsters 
• Bayeux Tapestry - 70M (230 feet) 
• Julius Caesar led a Roman invasion in 55 BC. This was unsuccessful and for nearly 100 years Britain remained separate from the Roman Empire JCR55
• When Henry VIII took the title ‘King of Ireland’, English laws were introduced and local leaders were expected to follow the instructions of the Lord Lieutenants in Dublin.
• Northern Ireland, Battle of the Boyne is celebrated in July (WILLIAM 3 DEFEATED JAMES 2)
• Slaves came from West Africa.
• Clans lost a lot of their power and influence after Culloden. 
• Lincoln Cathedral built in the middle ages
• Queen Mary - Catholic and persecuted Protestants Bloody Mary
• York Minster is a famous eg of stained glass used on the windows of some cathedrals during the middle ages.
• Middle ages, several cathedrals had windows of stained glass, telling stories about the Bible and Christian saints.
• In 1066, an invasion led by William, the Duke of Normandy, defeated Harold, the Saxon king of England, at the Battle of Hastings. Harold was killed in the battle.
• The Wars of the Roses ended with the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

• 1680 - 1720 refugees Huguenots came from France. Protestants and had been persecuted for their religion.
• FREE PRESS - 1695
• 1535 & 1542 - Henry VIII, Wales united w Eng by the Act for the Government of Wales. 
• Catherine of Aragon - First wife Henry VIII.
• When Queen Anne died in 1714, Parliament chose a German, George I, Protestant relative.
• James I and his son Charles I both believed in the ‘Divine Right of Kings’: the idea that the king was directly appointed by God to rule.
• The settlements of Scottish and English Protestants in Ulster during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I, who took over the land from Catholic landholders is known as: plantations
• Anti slavery - Quakers
• Elizabeth I, colonised eastern coast of America.
• 1837, Queen Victoria - queen @18.
• Bessemer - STEEL
• Charles II was crowned king of Scotland and led a Scottish army into England. Cromwell defeated this army in the Battles of Dunbar and Worcester.
• Around 4,000 years ago, people learned to make bronze. We call this period the Bronze Age.
• Admiral Nelson’s ship was known as the HMS Victory.

https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/
 

RECENT HISTORY

• 1853 - 1913, 13m British citizens left the country.
• 1929, ‘Great Depression’ shipbuilding were badly affected but new industries / automobile and aviation industries – developed.
• BBC radio 1922 / first regular TV 1936
• British film studios flourished 1930s.
• 1932 Scotsman John Logie Baird made the first TV broadcast between LDN  and GLA.
• WWI - more than 2m British casualties.
• Defeated Germany in May 1945.
• The UK 1st signed the Convention in 1950
• 1982, Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, a BOT in the South Atlantic.
• Brexit referendum - 23 June 2016
• Margaret Thatcher - Lincolnshire.
• ‘Concorde’ began carrying passengers in 1976. and stopped 2003

 

POPULATION

• Population 2010 - over 62m
• Population 2005 - under 60m
• Population 1998 - 57m
• Population 1901 - 40m
• Population 1851 - 20m
• Wales population 5%.
• 2011 census, 25% no religion.
• 2011 Census, 59% Christian. Muslim (4.8%), Hindu (1.5%), Sikh (0.8%), Jewish or Buddhist (both less than 0.5%).

 

SPORTS

• Dame Kelly Holmes - 2 gold for running 2004 Olympic. 
• Mary Peters 1972 gold medal / pentathlon.
• A British sailor, Sir Francis Chichester, was the first person to sail singlehanded around the world, in 1966/67. 2 years later, Sir Robin Knox- Johnston became the first person to do this without stopping.
• Motor-car racing in the UK started in 1902.
• Jessica Ennis (1986-) won the 2012 Olympic gold medal heptathlon, 7 different track and field. 
• The Super League is the most well-known rugby league
• The most famous rugby union competition is the Six Nations Championship.
• First tennis club - Leamington Spa 1872.
• Tennis evolved 19th cen
• Jenson Button-  Formula 1 driver.
• Rugby originated in early 19th century eng

 

MONARCH

• The first verse of Anthem is ‘God save our gracious King!
• Long live our noble King! is the 2nd sentence of the National Anthem of the UK.

 

GOVERNMENT

• Council of Europe - protection and promotion of human rights
• Council of Europe - Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
• Council of Europe / x EU / 47 countries / responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights.
• The UN Security Council, which recommends action when there are international crises and threats to peace.
• Senedd-  education and training, health and social services, economic development and housing.
• UN 190
• PM appoints the members of the cabinet
• PM appoints 20 MPs 
• PM has a country house Chequers.
• SENEDD - Senedd Booking Service or visit website for an online booking form.
• NI Assembly - Contact Education Service or contact an MLA.
• UK Parliament - write to your local MP or you can Queue.
• Local authorities funded by money from central government and by local taxes.
• Local elections for councillors are held in May every year.
• The National Citizen Service programme 16- and 17-year- Experience NCSP
• Police and Crime Commissioners - They also appoint the local Chief Constable.
• Several Church of England bishops sit in the House of Lords. - TRUE

 

EVENT

• Laurence Olivier Awards / annually London. Shakespeare plays award
• Brit Awards is an annual / music award
• Mercury prize?

 

PEOPLE

• Sir Christopher Cockerell (1910-99) / Hovercraft / 1950s. CCH
• George Frederick Handel wrote an oratorio, Messiah, Easter time Choir
• Emmeline Pankhurst, born Manchester 1858. women’s Franchise League 1889, and WSPU 1903
• Turing machine - Alan Turing (1912-54), in the 1930s. development of modern-day computer
• Ernest Rutherford, ‘split the atom’ Manhattan Project  = atomic bomb.

 

NOVEL / POEM / WRITER / MUSIC

• Poems which survive from the Middle Ages include Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and a poem called Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, about one of the knights at the court of King Arthur.
• Robert Louis Stevenson, Graham Greene and Sir Kingsley Amis were British writers. - TRUE RLS & GG & KA
• Evelyn Waugh wrote satirical novels, including Decline and Fall and Scoop. He is perhaps best known for Brideshead Revisited.
• Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon were inspired to write First World War. WO & SS
• Sir Walter Scott wrote poems inspired by Scotland and the traditional stories and songs from the area on the borders of Scotland and England
• Andrew Lloyd Webber has written the music for shows which have been popular throughout the world, including, in collaboration with Tim Rice, Jesus Christ Superstar and Evita, and also Cats and The Phantom of the Opera.
• George Frederick Handel wrote Music for King George I & George II.

 

MOVIE

• Eminent directors - Sir Alexander Korda and Sir Alfred Hitchcock AK & AH 
• Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) - Mike Newell. FWF MN
• Mousetrap, by Dame Agatha Christie, west end since 1952 and longest initial run of any show in history. MOUSEDAME
• Gilbert and Sullivan - The mikado
• Killing Fields (1984) by Roland Joffé. KFRJ
• ‘All the world’s a stage’ - WS As You Like It.  AA
• ‘To be or not to be’ WS Hamlet. TB N TBH
• Chariots of Fire (1981) - Hugh Hudson. CFHH
• Brief Encounter (1945) - David Lean. BEDL
• David Lean - Brief Encounter (1945) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962). BELADL
• 39 Steps (1935) - Alfred Hitchcock. 39AH

ART / ARCHITECT

• Thomas Gainsborough (1727-88) painted in country or garden scenery.
• Joseph Turner (1775-1851) was landscape painter in a modern style. 
• Traditional characters of the pantomimes - Dame, a woman played by a man
• Scottish architect Robert Adam designed Dumfries House in Scotland.

 

LAW

• Domestic violence - solicitor or Citizens Advice Bureau. CAB
• More serious civil cases – eg, when a large amount of compensation is being claimed –
• High Court - England, Wales and NI & Scotland - Court of Session in Edinburgh.
• County Courts deal with a wide range of civil disputes. These include people trying to get back money that is owed to them, cases involving personal injury, family matters, breaches of contract, and divorce. In Scotland, most of these matters are dealt with in the Sheriff Court.
• UK laws ensure that people are not treated unfairly in any area of life or work because of their age, disability, sex, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sexuality or marital status.
• Driving while exceeding the alcohol limit you will be arrested.

 

PLACES

• Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park covers 720 sq miles (1,865 sq km)
• Loch Lomond is the largest expanse of fresh water in mainland Britain 
• Millennium Stadium - Cardiff.
• The Houses of Parliament and St Pancras Station built in the 19th century, as were the town halls in cities such as Manchester and Sheffield.
• Nauru - Commonwealth.
• Costa Rica is not a member of the Commonwealth.

 

ETC

• Apple & summer - Anglo-Saxon
• National Trust founded 1895 by 3 volunteers.
• NATIONAL TRUST - 61,000 volunteers 

 

RELIGION

• Vaisakhi is a Sikh festival which celebrates the founding of the Sikh community known as the Khalsa. APRIL 14
• The day before Lent - Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day.

2024-09-18 
TEST 1 - 6 PASSED