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- The ancestors of the first farmers probably came from south-east Europe. These people built houses, tombs and monuments on the land. One of these monuments, Stonehenge, still stands in what is now the English county of Wiltshire.
- Burns’ best-known work is probably the song Auld Lang Syne, which is sung by people in the UK and other countries when they are celebrating the New Year (or Hogmanay as it is called in Scotland).
- The Laurence Olivier Awards take place annually at different venues in London. There are a variety of categories, including best director, best actor and best actress. The awards are named after the British actor Sir Laurence Olivier, late Lord Olivier, who was best known for his roles in various Shakespeare plays.
- David Cameron was succeeded as Prime Minister after the Brexit referendum by Theresa May on 13 July 2016.
- Important British composers include Gustav Holst, whose work includes The Planets, a suite of pieces themed around the planets and the solar system.
- The population of the UK in 1998 was 57 million people.
- Debates in the House of Commons are chaired by the Speaker. This person is the chief officer of the House of Commons.
- In 1837, Queen Victoria became queen of the UK at the age of 18.
- On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated. This set off a chain of events leading to the First World War (1914-18).
- Judges (who are together called ‘the judiciary’) are responsible for interpreting the law and ensuring that trials are conducted fairly.
- The Killing Fields (1984) was directed by Roland Joffé.
- Inveraray Castle and Crathes Castle are located in Scotland.
- The Wars of the Roses ended with the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.
- In Scotland, minor criminal offences go to a Justice of the Peace Court.
- The Industrial Revolution was the rapid development of industry in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries.
- During the slave trade, slaves were taken from West Africa to America and the Caribbean to work on tobacco and sugar plantations.
- There are 15 members on the UN Security Council, which recommends action when there are international crises and threats to peace.
- Parts of Hadrian’s Wall include the forts of Housesteads and Vindolanda.
- In 1996, two British scientists, Sir Ian Wilmot and Keith Campbell, led a team which was the first to succeed in cloning a mammal, Dolly the sheep.
- The Council of Europe has no power to make laws but draws up conventions and charters, the most well-known of which is the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
- Churchill was the son of a politician and, before becoming a Conservative MP in 1900, was a soldier and journalist. In May 1940 he became Prime Minister.
- Tours to the Tower of London are given by the Yeoman Warders, also known as Beefeaters, who tell visitors about the building’s history.
- The Laurence Olivier Awards take place annually at different venues in London.
- There are several islands which are closely linked with the UK but are not part of it: the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. These have their own governments and are called ‘Crown dependencies’.
- In Elizabeth I’s time, English settlers first began to colonise the eastern coast of America.
- In 1348, a disease, probably a form of plague, came to Britain. This was known as the Black Death.
- The UK is part of the United Nations (UN), an international organization with more than 190 countries as members.
- During the First World War millions of people were killed or wounded, with more than 2 million British casualties.
- When Catherine was too old to give him another child, Henry VIII decided to divorce her, hoping that another wife would give him a son to be his heir.
- British combat troops left Iraq in 2009.
- The Normans used a system of land ownership known as feudalism.
- All the world’s a stage’ are lines from William Shakespeare’s play As You Like It.
- In the 19th century, the medieval ’gothic’ style became popular again. As cities expanded, many great public buildings were built in this style. The Houses of Parliament and St Pancras Station were built at this time, as were the town halls in cities such as Manchester and Sheffield.
- There are famous gardens to visit throughout the UK, including Kew Gardens, Sissinghurst and Hidcote in England, Crathes Castle and Inveraray Castle in Scotland, Bodnant Garden in Wales, and Mount Stewart in Northern Ireland.
- In 1455, a civil war was begun to decide who should be king of England. It was fought between the supporters of two families: the House of Lancaster and the House of York.
- Admiral Nelson was in charge of the British fleet at Trafalgar and was killed in the battle.
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